Types of Kidneys Stones Isolate from Iraqi Patients in Najaf Governorate

Abstract

Kidney stones are mineral deposits in the renal calyces and pelvis that are found free or attached to the renal papillae. They contain crystalline and organic components and are formed when the urine becomes supersaturated with respect to a mineral. Calcium oxalate is the main constituent of most stones, many of which form on a foundation of calcium phosphate called Randall's plaques, which are present on the renal papillary surface. Obesity, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome are considered risk factors for stone formation, which, in turn, can lead to hypertension, chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. This study was conducted on 260 patients with Kidney stones (188 males and 72 females) Samples were collected during a period from 1/10/2021 to 1/3/2022. The results showed that we noticed that whewellite stones are the most numerous, numbering 140, uric acid, 56, weddellite 25, carbonate apatite26, while cystine and struvite range in numbers from 6 to 7.