Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Profile from Whole Blood Samples in Patients with Presumed Sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit in Kerbala/Iraq

Abstract

the goal of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic utility of Presepsin& Calprotectin as biomarkers compared to the traditional used diagnostic methods in addition to investigate bacterial pathogens causes of septic patients. Methods: Before the collection of samples, all research groups' patients were informed, and verbal consent was acquired. The committee on publishing ethics of the college of medicine gave its approval to this work. University of Karbala, Iraq, and in compliance with the Human Rights and Biomedicine Convention. In this case- 40 persons (sepsis patients) were included. Demographic and clinical data and microbiological and laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes such as ICU and hospital lengths of stay and mortality were all documented. Data were collected until the patient was discharged from the hospital or died.  A total of forty blood samples were obtained from clinically diagnosed adult sepsis patients (sepsis group). The samples were collected from both sexes (20 males and 20 females ranging in age from (17 to 72) years’ old who were at the ICU at Al-Hussein teaching hospital in Karbala and the Obstetrics hospital in Karbala city/Iraq between (November 2021 and April 2022). Result: Patients. Out of the 40 enrolled subjects, 23 septic patients had a confirmed bacterial etiology of sepsis (blood culture positive) and had confirmed either gram-positive or gram-negative etiology of sepsis, and 16 septic patients were negative for bacterial growth and the bacterial etiology not identified.We analyzed data from 24 patients suffering from bacterial sepsis 16(60%) of bacterial growth positive caused by gram-negative pathogens. The rest 7 (40%) of bacterial growth positive in septic patients were caused by gram-positive pathogens. The most frequently cultivated bacterial pathogens from positive blood cultured samples in this study were Salmonella typhi (16) isolates followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (4), Staphylococcus aureus (3) and one fungus isolate candida barbican respectively. The study patient was divided into three groups according to the sepsis clinical course of the patients.  Conclusion: The majority of sepsis-causing pathogens are bacteria. In the current investigation, adult sepsis was caused by both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Salmonella typhi were among the most often found Gram positive and Gram-negative pathogens causing adult sepsis, respectively.