Correlation of B Cell-Activating Factor, B cell Maturation Antigen, Interleukin-5, Interleukin-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha with Inhibitor Status in Hemophilia a in a Sample of Iraqi Patients

Abstract

Background: Hemophilia A (HA) is a blood clotting disorder that is passed down by an X-linked recessive gene mutation. In Hemophilia A, low levels of the VIII protein, which is required to produce blood clots, are a contributing factor. It’s caused by changes in the FVIII gen, around a third of the cases discovered had no prior family history. There are cytokines such as BAFF, BCMA, TNF- and interleukin-10 (IL-10) involved in hemophilia a patients, as well as interleukin-5 (IL-5) and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), who are inhibitor-positive versus inhibitor-negative is debatable. Aim of study: The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of B cell activating factors (BAFF), B cell maturation antigen (BCMA),in addition to interleukin-10 (IL-10), (IL-5), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) in the serum of patients diagnosed with hemophilia A disorders (HA), as well as the correlation between the levels of these factors and other parameters. Materials and Methods : 80 people with hemophilia a were enrolled in the study [58 cases with inhibitor negative and 22 cases with inhibitor positive], those patients were from the specialist centers for hemophilia in maternity and children hospital (Hillah) and child protection hospital (Baghdad), For the time span beginning in October 2021 and ending in April 2022, Evaluation of blood levels of BAFF, BCMA, as well as IL-5, IL-10, and TNF- were carried out using ELISA, which stands for enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay. Results: Inhibitor positive individuals had reduced amounts of BAFF, BCMA, also IL-5, IL-10, and TNF-. In their blood compared to inhibitor negative patients. But no one was significant. BAFF level in positive and negative (409.17/ 486.17 ng/l), BCMA level in positive and negative (143.88/ 183.01 ng/l), IL-5 level in positive and negative (278.42/ 329.26 ng/l), IL-10 level in positive and negative (342.79/435.89 ng/l) and TNF- α level in positive and negative (266.73/ 297.18 ng/l). Conclusion: BAFF, BCMA, IL-10, in addition to IL-5, and TNF- α were investigated in haemophilia A patients with inhibitor in the current study. While cytokines appear to have a part in pathogenesis, we are of the opinion that they really do not appear to enhance the production of inhibitors in PWHA.