The role of Galectin-3 as biochemical markers for cardiac fibrosis in patients with Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease is the first cause of the top ten causes of death in Iraq with a rate of 11.2% and the fourth reason is among the top ten reasons for inpatient in Iraq with a rate of 5.35% in the year 2020. A myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. This condition occurs most often during exertion or excitement, when the heart requires greater blood flow. Is common in the Iraq and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Galectin-3 is a lectin that binds beta-galactosides. It is involved in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis through the activation of macrophages and fibroblasts. Objective: - Study the association between galectin-3 and myocardial infarction. And Study the role of galectin-3 in progression of ischemic heart disease. Subjects and Method: - A case-control study involved 90, 30 of them were diagnosed with myocardial infarction, while another 60 were healthy controls. The samples were collected in the morning fasting state from November 2021 to May 2022, and Galectin-3 levels were analyzed using ELISA technique from Sun Long Biotech Co /China. Biochemical variables BMI calculated weight divided by square height in meter (Kg/m2) lipid profile had been measured by spectrophotometer (UV-1800 Shimadzu /Japan). Result: - The mean galectin-3 levels (ng/ml) in the patients group were significantly higher than in the controls group (P<0.001). In addition In comparison to healthy groups, lipid profile, atherogenic index, Non-HDL cholesterol and BMI were shown to be significantly higher in patients. Also found positive significant correlation between galectin-3 and cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL-C, LDL-C, AIP and non-HDL-C levels. However, significant negative correlations with HDL-C levels p value<0.05. Conclusion: - Galectin-3 level is increase in IHD patient and had positive correlation with cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL-C, LDL-C, AIP and non-HDL-C level. And a significant high level of cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL-C, LDL-C, AIP and non-HDL-C were found in patients group with myocardial infarction as compared with the control, except the HDL-C values was decrease.