Association of Nuclear Factor Kappa B pathway (NF-KB) with Rheumatoid Arthritis disease and itʼs severity (Case-Control Study)

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the joints found in the limbs. It mostly presents as recurring, persistent inflammation in the joints. When patients are advanced, the cardiac, skin, as well as other tissues and organs may have serious impediments as a result of joint abnormalities and impairments. Nuclear factor kappa B is an active transcription factor that moves from the cytoplasm to the nucleus when it is activated, NF-kB is also the most extensively researched pathophysiologic mechanism for RA. This might result in a positive auto-regulatory loop that leads to the amplification of the inflammatory process and the maintenance of chronic inflammation at local locations.Methods: The study was performed between November 2021 to April 2022. involving 70 patients with disease who fulfilled four or more of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for RA and 70 individuals healthy as control groups. The (DAS28-ESR) disease activity score, Clinical activity index (CDAI), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured, as well as rheumatoid factors (RF) were detected by latex agglutination in all participants. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) and NF-KB in the human serum samples were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The age group of both the patients and the controls included in this study was 20-70. RA was found to be high in individuals of the age group >40 years, at a percentage of 71.4%. The mean age was 46.2±10.3 years for patients and 1.7±0.5 for controls. Results: The results clearly showed high serum NF-KB levels in patient groups with RA compared to control (P = 0.0001). NF-KB and ACCP have a weak positive correlation at (r) = 0.200. According to DAS28-ESR, there were significantly increased concentrations of NF-KB in severe patients at P values of 0.0001 in comparison to mild patients.