Ampicillin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery System for Treatment of UTI Caused by E. Coli in Rat

Abstract

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been studied as a drug-delivery system for the controlling of drug release. Ampicillin as a β-lactam antibiotic was studied to load on SLNs for control of drug release to increase administration intervals and decrease dose of drug to increase patient compliance and decrease antibiotic resistance. The AMP-SLNs formulation showed significantly higher (p<0.05) antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria.The signs and symptoms of UTI appeared rapidly after 48 h, After inducing infection animals, were suffering from anorexia, dehydration, fever and the frequency of urination increased gradually from the first day after infection. After finishing the treatment course for 120 h, the values of the bacterial count varied between the different groups, the 2^nd group that was treated with standard AMP achieved a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the bacterial count which is reached 6.3×10⁴ ±0.66 cfu/ml, but it didn’t return to its normal values before the inducing of infection, while the 1^st group recorded the best results between all tested groups as the bacterial count returned to its normal values before the inducing infection (6.3×10² ±0.22 cfu/ml).The results of the bacterial count continued at the normal values in the samples of the animals of the 1^st group after 24 hours of the end treatment with AMP-SLNs. while the 2^nd group that was treated with standard AMP recorded a continuous increase in the bacterial count, which means the continuation of the infection and the need for a longer treatment period using AMP antibiotic. In both groups 3^rd and 4^th, the infection persisted, as they recorded the highest values of bacterial counts during the study. In general, from all the above, we can conclude that the use of the AMP-SLNs for the treatment of experimentally induced induced E. coli in laboratory rats, gave better results compared to using the antibiotic standard AMP alone without loading it on the lipid nanocarrier.