Chromatographic Analysis of Some Natural Compounds from the Seeds of Iraqi Citrullus Colocynthis (L.) Schrad Plant and Study its Antioxidant Effect.

Abstract

The current research was presented the phytochemical composition of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad seed extracts and it was aimed of the studing antioxidant effect of separated fatty acids and phenolic compounds from this plant,, after separated fatty acids by using a continuous soxhlet apparatus and sequence solvent systems depending on the polarity, the extracts hexane (CI1), chloroform (CI2), ethyl acetate (CI3), ethanol (CI4) and hot aqueous (CI5) were obtained from the seeds of this plant and saponification process was done to get the free fatty acid compounds: ( palmatic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and elaidic acids ). The increasing of concentrations of fatty acid compounds was appeared from CI5 to CI1 because of decreasing of the polarity. Also, Acid hydrolysis of the extracts (CI3, CI4 and CI5) were carried out to obtain the free phenolic compounds, that were identified by HPLC technique. The phenolic compounds, which were appeared in Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad seed extracts (Rutin, Caffeic acid, Ellagic acid, Gallic acid, Quercetin, Myricetin and Luteolin). Rutin and Ellagic acid were appeared in the extracts (CI3, CI4 and CI5). Also, Caffeic acid and Gallic acid was identified in CI3 and CI4, while Quercetin and Myricetin were showed in CI4 and CI5. Finally, Luteolin was only appeared in CI5_. Furthermore, the activity of fatty acids and phenolic compounds has been tested as an antioxidant property to know the effect of their activity against the free radicals, the highest levels of inhibition for the fatty acid compounds were separated from the crude extracts of ethyl acetate, ethanol and hot aqueous extract from the seeds at concentration of 300 and 400 Mg ml -1 at ratio percentage inhibiting effect (74, 75.3,75.4, 75.7) %, respectively. While the highest levels of inhibition for the phenolic compounds were separated from the crude extracts of hot aqueous from the seeds at concentration of 400 Mg ml -1 at rates of (91.3) %, respectively. the results were investigated the free radicals scavenging increased with increasing concentration.