Genotyping of a Number of Sand fly Samples Sand Fly (Phlebotominae) Taken from Different Regions in Salah Al-Den Governorate

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the research was to conduct molecular Genotyping based on Mitochondrial DNA for four isolates of sand fly Phlebotominae the bio transmitter of tropical leishmaniasis in Salah- Alden Governorate, Iraq. Methods: The study samples were collected from four stations that were identified by light traps at night, then the flies were transferred to the laboratory, DNA isolation was conducted for them, and the PCR reaction was performed using the COX1 gene present in the mitochondria. Korea to conduct a reading of the DNA sequences and the data were entered on the NCBI system and the samples were recorded and compared with the original gene. Results: The first sample from Samara showed 89 variations when compared with the sequence obtained from the database (ID: KR020560.1). Of these, 42 are of the transition type and 47 are of the trans version type. Comparison of matrices between the Al-Alam sample and the sequence obtained from the database that fall under identifier KR020560.1 showed 86% similarity and 56 heterogeneity. These variants are divided into 29 transversion, 24 transitions, and 3 addition variants. The third sample, which was isolated from the Dhuluiya region, showed 84 heterogeneities. Including 36 of the transmission type and 48 of the exchange type after comparing it with the sequence of the database under the identifier KR020560.1 and that these variations have led to a relatively little similarity between the sequence obtained in this study and the sequence of the database (77%). Comparing the alignment for a Balad sample showed 69 variances. These variants were divided into 49 exchange and 20 transmission variants. When compared with the relay KR020560.1, which showed 82% similarity. Conclusion: There is a high variation in the genomic of the sand fly even within one geographical area, and this variation is the result of the speed of new generation in that fly in addition to the environmental conditions and the control factors used against these pests.