Sensitivity of Tomato Varieties Grown in Najaf Governorate for Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Javanica and M. Incognita)

Abstract

This study was conducted in the greenhouse of Plant Protection Department at College of Agriculture, Kufa University to determined effect two types of Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita) with four varieties of tomato (Aswar, Mariana, Reem, and Kantor). The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were clear significant differences effect in the decrease of plant growth indicators compared to the other varieties of tomato by Root-knot nematodes especially with Kantor variety was more significant effect to reduced plant growth development of tomato which was 7.6 cm3, 2.6 grams, 3, 7.66. 0.912 grams, 0.33 grams, 0.03 grams respectively with M. javanica compared to untreated treatment (control) was 18.66 cm3, 11.27 grams, 7.66, 14.33, 3.75 grams, 1.71 grams, 1.22 grams respectively for tomato plant growth parameters. Also, other varieties were effect by Root-knot nematodes with different effect on plant growth development compared to untreated varieties with the pathogens. Aswar variety was the lowest variety effect by M. javanica and M. incognita compared to other varieties. Results of the study showed also different effect on Root-knot nematodes life stages development that including (number of juveniles per 500 cm3 of soil, number of eggs, average of galls, number of juveniles per grams, number of eggs per grams, productive factor, and number of eggs-mass and juveniles inside the roots of tomato plants) with these different varieties of tomato; it was clear significant effect of these nematodes on tomato plants during infection with both nematodes M. javanica and M. incognita and it was clear the effect of number of juveniles and eggs compared to other varieties of tomato. Aswar variety was a lower variety in number of juveniles with Meloidogyne incognita compared to other varieties. In addition, there was significant effect on development of life stages of Root-knot nematodes (M. javanica, M. incognita) with these varieties of tomato.