Human Health Risks with Fluoride Ions via Drinking water of Al-Daden water Supply Station in Mosul City, Iraq.

Abstract

The current study aimed to assess the human health risks of fluoride in the drinking water of the Deaden water supply station and the residential quarters covered by its distribution pipelines network on the right side of Mosul city in northern Iraq. As 100 water samples were collected from ten sites, which included the intake water, water after treatment, and the rest is distributed in the residential quarters.

The results of the study indicated

The results of the current study indicate that the hazard quotient (HQ) values ranged from (0.13332 to 0.35978), which is within the safe limits for drinking because the chronic daily intake (CDI) fluctuated use “between” (0.00799 to 0.21583) mg/kg/day. The highest values were for the category of infants who were most affected when the concentrations of fluoride ions in drinking water were high, and the lowest were in the age group (12 to 16) years. Also, the concentration of fluoride ions did not exceed the permissible limits for drinking water, which reached (0.326) ppm, but was less than the limits Required for natural mineralization of bones and protection of tooth enamel according to United states environmental protection agency's (US.EPA), which was determined according to the temperature of Mosul city with (0.7) ppm.